What is a biological detergent?
A biological detergent should use natural ingredients and be eco-friendly. But with no clear definition, how do we document terms like “sustainable” or “biodegradable”?
What defines a biological detergent?
We’re on an ambitious journey to enable 100% biological detergents that combine sustainability, superior wash performance and affordability. This article explores six key criteria that define a “biological detergent” today — and what Novonesis envisions for the future.
What does "bio-based" mean?
The term “bio-based” generally refers to products made from biomass, which may undergo physical, chemical, or biological treatment. However, manufacturers must consider specific regulatory definitions. For example, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines bio-based as a “commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) composed, in whole or significant part, of biological products or renewable agricultural or forestry materials.” Understanding these definitions is key to aligning with consumer expectations and regulatory standards.
Sustainable sourcing
Petrochemical ingredients are unsustainable by nature, but bio-based alternatives aren’t always better. For example, unsustainable palm oil production is bio-based yet harmful. Truly sustainable solutions require ingredients from sources “continuously renewed in nature within a short time span,” as defined by European standard EN 16757. Certification programs help ensure both ingredient and supply chain sustainability. By using recognized certifications, manufacturers and consumers can drive meaningful progress toward truly sustainable solutions.
Safe for the environment
Even bio-based and biodegradable ingredients can harm the environment. We believe all ingredients should be assessed for safe release, considering biodegradability and ecotoxicity. The EU REACH program sets standards, defining safe “no effect” levels for environmental release.
Safe to use
Ensuring consumer product safety is a widespread priority. But there are no universal standards for detergent safety. Standards vary widely across countries and companies. Employee safety adds to the complexity. It shifts focus to safe working conditions rather than material properties. The EU REACH program sets exposure standards, defining safe 'no effect' levels and assessing whether exposure remains below these thresholds. We believe applying REACH principles provides a strong safety foundation. We advocate for science-based safety assessments to set higher standards for products and raw materials.
Biodegradable
Detergents are down-the-drain products, so their ingredients cannot be directly recycled like packaging. Instead, biology must "recycle" them in wastewater treatment plants or nature. Biodegradability is key: if microorganisms fully degrade ingredients into CO2 and water, they can re-enter the circular system.
OECD and ISO set 60% mineralization in 28 days as the benchmark for "readily biodegradable”. We strive to have no ingredient to persist in nature, achieving 100% mineralization in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Naturally-occurring and inorganic materials may still play a role if they meet other sustainability requirements.
Highly efficient
Efficient laundry products are more sustainable since using less product reduces raw material use, packaging, transport and waste. These detergents perform at lower temperatures. This reduces CO2 emissions, as heating water is one of the biggest contributors to a laundry cycle's carbon footprint.
Efficiency also means extending the lifespan of textiles. Wearing a t-shirt longer is more sustainable, given the water, energy, and chemicals used in textile production. Detergents must remove stains effectively while being gentle on fabrics.
Defining a biological detergent is complex, but enzymes are key to doing more with less. Still, enzymes can’t do it alone. Novonesis seeks partners who share the vision of mainstreaming biological detergents — measurable across key sustainability factors — without compromising performance or affordability. Together, we can rethink the future.
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